Adding waste to increase the water resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures

DOI номера: 10.25628/UNIIP.2026.68.1

К содержанию выпуска

PDF выпуска

CC BY-SA 4.0         

DOI 10.25628/UNIIP.2026.68.1.012

УДК 05.23.01

Razzaq Alaa Wahhab Razzaq
Ural Federal University (UrFU), Institute of Construction and Architecture, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Alekhin Vladimir N.
Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation

Adding waste to increase the water resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures

Для цитирования
Razzaq A. W. R., Alekhin V. N. Adding waste to increase the water resistance of concrete in hydraulic structures // Академический вестник УралНИИпроект РААСН. 2026. − № 1 (68). − С. 76−82. DOI 10.25628/UNIIP.2026.68.1.012

Статья поступила в редакцию: 16.01.2026.
Опубликована: 30.03.2026.

Annotation. This research aimed at improving the durability of the concrete of hydraulic structures by adding waste and curing techniques in order to reduce water permeability. Concrete water permeability was determined using the «wet spot» method in accordance with Russian standard GOST 12730.5 («Concretes. Methods for determining water resistance»). The results showed increased grade of concrete for water resistance with the addition waste (glass, plastic and used engine oil) and curing techniques (polishing concrete surface and concrete vibration during pouring). Using waste in concrete contributes to reducing environmental pollution and solving waste disposal problems.

Keywords: water permeability, concrete, GOST 12730.5, waste, curing techniques

Раззак Алаа Ваххаб Раззак
Уральский федеральный университет (УрФУ), Институт строительства и архитектуры, Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация

Алехин Владимир Николаевич
Уральский федеральный университет (УрФУ) им. первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина, Екатеринбург, Российская Федерация

Добавление отходов для повышения водонепроницаемости железобетона в гидротехнических сооружениях

Аннотация. Данное исследование было направлено на повышение долговечности бетона гидротехнических сооружений за счет добавления отходов и технологии обработки с целью снижения водопроницаемости. Водопроницаемость бетона определялась методом «мокрого пятна» в соответствии со стандартом ГОСТ 12730.5 «Бетоны. Методы определения водонепроницаемости». Результаты показали повышение водонепроницаемости бетона за счет добавления отходов (стекла, пластика и отработанного моторного масла) и технологии обработки (полировка поверхности бетона и вибрация бетона во время заливки). Использование отходов в бетоне способствует снижению загрязнения окружающей среды и решению проблем утилизации отходов.

Ключевые слова: водонепроницаемость, бетон, ГОСТ 12730.5, отходы, технология обработки

References

  1. Abzalilova A. V., Strokova V. V. Ispolʹzovanie penetriruyushchej dobavki dlya povysheniya vodonepronitsaemosti betona // Vestn. Belgorod. gos. tekhnol. un-ta im. V. G. Shukhova. — 2020. — № 5. — C. 18–24. — DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-5-18-24
  2. Agafonova N. Z., Tajchinov D. R., Podoprigorov P. A. Vodonepronitsaemostʹ betonnogo polotna // Inzhenernyj vestnik Dona. — 2024. — T. 111. — № 3. — S. 328–334. — EDN: ACYHLI
  3. Butakova M. D., Mikhajlov A. V., Saribekyan S. S. Vliyanie kremnij soderzhashchikh dobavok na svojstvo vodonepronitsaemosti betonnykh obraztsov // Vestn. Yuzhno-Uralʹskogo gos. un-ta. Ser. Stroitelʹstvo i arkhitektura. — 2017. — T. 17. — № 2. — C. 34–41. — DOI: 10.14529/build170205
  4. Grechukhin V. A. Uluchshenie svojstv betona na osnove primeneniya novoj dobavki // Nauka i tekhnika. — 2012. — № 5. — C. 47–51. — EDN: TMNGXV
  5. Zholdasov A. T. Vodopronitsaemostʹ i vodopogloshchenie betona // Vestnik nauki. — 2024. — T. 1. — № 12 (81). — C. 1384–1389. — EDN: FCGFNI
  6. Kazanskaya L. F., Majer V. A., Sibgatullin E. S. Vzaimosvyazʹ faktorov, opredelyayushchikh dolgovechnostʹ betonov // Izv. Peterburg. un-ta putej soobshcheniya. — 2024. — T. 21. — № 4. — C. 931–943. — DOI: 10.20295/1815-588X-2024-04-931-943
  7. Kairov T. A., Lukpanov R. E. Vliyanie mikrokremnezema i plastifikatorov na fiziko-mekhanicheskie i teploizolyatsionnye svojstva neavtoklavnogo penobetona // Mezhdunarodnyj nauchnyj zhurnal «In the world of science and education». — 2025. — C. 17–24. — DOI: 10.24412/3007-8946-2025-15-17-24
  8. Lesovik V. S., Gridchina A. A. Monolitnye betony na osnove rasshiryayushchikh dobavok i khimicheskikh modifikatorov // Stroitelʹnye materialy. — 2015. — № 8. — C. 81–83. — EDN: UHHPHX
  9. Rumyantseva V. E., Krasilʹnikov I. V., Krasilʹnikova I. A. Otsenka effektivnosti nekotorykh sostavov betonnykh smesej, primenyaemykh pri torkretirovanii, po kriteriyam dolgovechnosti // Sovremennye problemy grazhdanskoj zashchity. — 2024. — № 4 (53). — C. 97–108. — EDN: CGJWBL
  10. Tulegenov D. Zh. Vliyanie shlaka i dobavok na svojstva portlandtsementov // Mezhdunarodnyj nauchnyj zhurnal «In the world of science and education». — 2025. — C. 3–11. — DOI: 10.24412/3007-8946-2025-15-3-7
  11. Khung N. S., Lam T. V., Bulgakov B. I. i dr. Vliyanie zoly risovoj shelukhi na svojstva gidrotekhnicheskikh betonov // Vestn. MGSU. — 2018. — T. 13. — № 6 (117). — C. 768–777. — DOI: 10.22227/1997–0935.2018.6.768–777
  12. Yukhnevskij P. I., Dimitriadi N. P. O sinergeticheskom vliyanii smazki i khimicheskikh dobavok na poluchenie kachestvennoj poverkhnosti betonnykh izdelij // Nauka i tekhnika. — 2019. — № 4. — C. 303–310. — DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-4-303-310
  13. Abousnina R., Manalo A., Lokuge W., Al-Jabri K. S. Properties and structural behavior of concrete containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil // Construction and Building Materials. — 2018. — November. — Vol. 189. — P. 1214–1231: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.089 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  14. Ajagbe W. O., Rabiu W. A. Effects of crude oil imparted sand on the durability of concrete // J. of Civil Engineering and Architecture. — Vol. 6. — Iss. 4. — P. 205–211. — DOI: 10.13189/cea.2018.060403
  15. Ali S., Scott A., Mackechine J. Effects of waste glass on strength and durability characteristics of self compacting concrete // Proceedings of the NZ Concrete Industry Conference. — 2015. — URL: https://concretenz.org.nz/page/Conference_2015
  16. Aljuaydi F., Abousnina R., Alajarmeh O., Alajmi A. The influence of fibres on the properties and sustainability of oil-impacted concrete // Sustainability. — 2024. — Vol. 16. — Iss. 17:7344: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177344 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  17. Alsubai S., Alqahtani A., Hashim Muhodir S. et al. The remarkable potential of machine learning algorithms in estimating water permeability of concrete incorporating nano natural pozzolana // Scientific Reports. — 2024. — 14:12532: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62020-3 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  18. Altwair N. M., Al-Kilani A. M., Sryh L. S., Sreh M. M. Evaluating the effect of local aggregate type and size on the water permeability of plain concrete // Sebha university conference proceedings. 2024: Proceedings of the 7th International conference on science and technology. — 2024. — Vol. 3. — Iss. 2. — P. 140–146: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.51984/sucp.v3i2.3304 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026) [na arab. yaz.].
  19. Ammar M. A., Chegenizadeh A., Budihardjo M. A., Nikraz H. The effects of crystalline admixtures on concrete permeability and compressive strength: A review // Buildings. — 2024. — Vol. 14. — Iss. 9:3000: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14093000 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  20. Azizi N., Sharifi M., Shokrzadeh M. R. Experimental investigation of the effect of mold type and mold oil on the physical characteristics of self-compacting concrete // Civil infrastructure researches. — 2024. — Vol. 10. — Iss. 2. — P. 81–98. — DOI: 10.22091/cer.2024.10881.1559
  21. Banevičienė V., Malaiškienė J., Boris R., Zach J. The effect of active additives and coarse aggregate granulometric composition on the properties and durability of pervious concrete // Materials. — 2022. — Vol. 15. — Iss. 3:1035: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031035 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  22. Chen H., Zhao X., Astudillo J. C. et al. Upcycling used engine oil into concrete: Ecological and mechanical performances in coastal applications // Construction and building materials. — 2025. — Vol. 483:141605: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141605 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  23. De Moura J. M. B. M., Pinheiro I. G., Aguado A., Rohden A. B. Sustainable pervious concrete containing glass powder waste: Performance and modeling // J. of cleaner production. — 2021. — Vol. 316:128213. — DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128213
  24. García Calvo J. L., Sánchez Moreno M., Carballosa P. et al. Improvement of the concrete permeability by using hydrophilic blended additive // Materials. — 2019. — Vol. 12. — Iss. 15:2384: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152384 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  25. Gojević A., Ducman V., Netinger Grubeša I. et al. The effect of crystalline waterproofing admixtures on the self-healing and permeability of concrete // Materials. — 2021. — Vol. 14. — Iss. 8:1860: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081860 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  26. Jahandari S., Tao Z., Alim M. A., Li W. Integral waterproof concrete: A comprehensive review // J. of building engineering. — 2023. — Vol. 78:107718: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107718 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  27. Liu Y., Yu Z., Lv C. et al. Preparation of waste cooking oil emulsion as shrinkage reducing admixture and its potential use in high performance concrete: Effect on shrinkage and mechanical properties // J. of building engineering. — 2020. — Vol. 32:101488. — DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101488
  28. Mohammed A. A., Mohammed I. I., Mohammed S. A. Some properties of concrete with plastic aggregate derived from shredded PVC sheets // Construction and building materials. — 2020. — Vol. 13: e00467: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00467 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  29. Naik N. M., Kulkarni G. S., Prakash K. B. Effect of solid wastes on the characteristics behaviour of petroleum products soaked concrete: A review // International journal of current engineering and technology. — 2013. — September. — P. 32–36: [sajt] — URL: https://inpressco.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Paper832-36.pdf (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  30. Navaneetha E., Rao P. N., Bahurudeen A. Compatibility of waste glass with other by-products for the production of sustainable concrete // J. of building engineering. — 2023. — Vol. 80:107922: [sajt] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107922 (data obrashcheniya: 19.01.2026).
  31. Ogbo H. E., Ugwu O. O. Performance of black olive oil as permeability reducing admixture in concrete // Nigerian Journal of Technology. — 2023. — Vol. 42. — Iss. 1. — P. 46–54. — DOI: 10.4314/njt.v42i1.6
  32. Razzaq A. W. R., Alekhin V. N. Experimental study on abrasion resistance of polished concrete in the water environment // Akademicheskij vestnik UralNIIproekt RAASN. — 2025. — № 2 (65). — S. 87–94. — DOI: 10.25628/UNIIP.2025.65.2.013
  33. Szafraniec M., Barnat-Hunek D. Effect of natural release oils on concrete wettability // AIP conference proceedings. Central european symposium on thermophysics. 2021 (CEST 2021). — Vol. 2429. — Iss. 1:020037. — DOI: 10.1063/5.0069709
  34. Zhang Y., Wu S., Ma X. et al. Effects of additives on water permeability and chloride diffusivity of concrete under marine tidal environment // Construction and building materials. — 2022. — Vol. 320. — Iss. 2:126217. — DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126217

Список использованной литературы

  1. Абзалилова А. В., Строкова В. В. Использование пенетрирующей добавки для повышения водонепроницаемости бетона // Вестн. Белгород. гос. технол. ун-та им. В. Г. Шухова. — 2020. — № 5. — C. 18–24. — DOI: 10.34031/2071-7318-2020-5-5-18-24
  2. Агафонова Н. З., Тайчинов Д. Р., Подопригоров П. А. Водонепроницаемость бетонного полотна // Инженерный вестник Дона. — 2024. — Т. 111. — № 3. — С. 328–334. — EDN: ACYHLI
  3. Бутакова М. Д., Михайлов А. В., Сарибекян С. С. Влияние кремний содержащих добавок на свойство водонепроницаемости бетонных образцов // Вестн. Южно-Уральского гос. ун-та. Сер. Строительство и архитектура. — 2017. — Т. 17. — № 2. — C. 34–41. — DOI: 10.14529/build170205
  4. Гречухин В. А. Улучшение свойств бетона на основе применения новой добавки // Наука и техника. — 2012. — № 5. — C. 47–51. — EDN: TMNGXV
  5. Жолдасов А. Т. Водопроницаемость и водопоглощение бетона // Вестник науки. — 2024. — Т. 1. — № 12 (81). — C. 1384–1389. — EDN: FCGFNI
  6. Казанская Л. Ф., Майер В. А., Сибгатуллин Э. С. Взаимосвязь факторов, определяющих долговечность бетонов // Изв. Петербург. ун-та путей сообщения. — 2024. — Т. 21. — № 4. — C. 931–943. — DOI: 10.20295/1815-588X-2024-04-931-943
  7. Каиров Т. А., Лукпанов Р. Е. Влияние микрокремнезема и пластификаторов на физико-механические и теплоизоляционные свойства неавтоклавного пенобетона // Международный научный журнал «In the world of science and education». — 2025. — C. 17–24. — DOI: 10.24412/3007-8946-2025-15-17-24
  8. Лесовик В. С., Гридчина А. А. Монолитные бетоны на основе расширяющих добавок и химических модификаторов // Строительные материалы. — 2015. — № 8. — C. 81–83. — EDN: UHHPHX
  9. Румянцева В. Е., Красильников И. В., Красильникова И. А. Оценка эффективности некоторых составов бетонных смесей, применяемых при торкретировании, по критериям долговечности // Современные проблемы гражданской защиты. — 2024. — № 4 (53). — C. 97–108. — EDN: CGJWBL
  10. Тулегенов Д. Ж. Влияние шлака и добавок на свойства портландцементов // Международный научный журнал «In the world of science and education». — 2025. — C. 3–11. — DOI: 10.24412/3007-8946-2025-15-3-7
  11. Хунг Н. С., Лам Т. В., Булгаков Б. И. и др. Влияние золы рисовой шелухи на свойства гидротехнических бетонов // Вестн. МГСУ. — 2018. — Т. 13. — № 6 (117). — C. 768–777. — DOI: 10.22227/1997–0935.2018.6.768–777
  12. Юхневский П. И., Димитриади Н. П. О синергетическом влиянии смазки и химических добавок на получение качественной поверхности бетонных изделий // Наука и техника. — 2019. — № 4. — C. 303–310. — DOI: 10.21122/2227-1031-2019-18-4-303-310
  13. Abousnina R., Manalo A., Lokuge W., Al-Jabri K. S. Properties and structural behavior of concrete containing fine sand contaminated with light crude oil // Construction and Building Materials. — 2018. — November. — Vol. 189. — P. 1214–1231: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.09.089 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  14. Ajagbe W. O., Rabiu W. A. Effects of crude oil imparted sand on the durability of concrete // J. of Civil Engineering and Architecture. — Vol. 6. — Iss. 4. — P. 205–211. — DOI: 10.13189/cea.2018.060403
  15. Ali S., Scott A., Mackechine J. Effects of waste glass on strength and durability characteristics of self compacting concrete // Proceedings of the NZ Concrete Industry Conference. — 2015. — URL: https://concretenz.org.nz/page/Conference_2015
  16. Aljuaydi F., Abousnina R., Alajarmeh O., Alajmi A. The influence of fibres on the properties and sustainability of oil-impacted concrete // Sustainability. — 2024. — Vol. 16. — Iss. 17:7344: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177344 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  17. Alsubai S., Alqahtani A., Hashim Muhodir S. et al. The remarkable potential of machine learning algorithms in estimating water permeability of concrete incorporating nano natural pozzolana // Scientific Reports. — 2024. — 14:12532: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62020-3 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  18. Altwair N. M., Al-Kilani A. M., Sryh L. S., Sreh M. M. Evaluating the effect of local aggregate type and size on the water permeability of plain concrete // Sebha university conference proceedings. 2024: Proceedings of the 7th International conference on science and technology. — 2024. — Vol. 3. — Iss. 2. — P. 140–146: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.51984/sucp.v3i2.3304 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026) [на араб. яз.].
  19. Ammar M. A., Chegenizadeh A., Budihardjo M. A., Nikraz H. The effects of crystalline admixtures on concrete permeability and compressive strength: A review // Buildings. — 2024. — Vol. 14. — Iss. 9:3000: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14093000 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  20. Azizi N., Sharifi M., Shokrzadeh M. R. Experimental investigation of the effect of mold type and mold oil on the physical characteristics of self-compacting concrete // Civil infrastructure researches. — 2024. — Vol. 10. — Iss. 2. — P. 81–98. — DOI: 10.22091/cer.2024.10881.1559
  21. Banevičienė V., Malaiškienė J., Boris R., Zach J. The effect of active additives and coarse aggregate granulometric composition on the properties and durability of pervious concrete // Materials. — 2022. — Vol. 15. — Iss. 3:1035: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031035 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  22. Chen H., Zhao X., Astudillo J. C. et al. Upcycling used engine oil into concrete: Ecological and mechanical performances in coastal applications // Construction and building materials. — 2025. — Vol. 483:141605: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.141605 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  23. De Moura J. M. B. M., Pinheiro I. G., Aguado A., Rohden A. B. Sustainable pervious concrete containing glass powder waste: Performance and modeling // J. of cleaner production. — 2021. — Vol. 316:128213. — DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128213
  24. García Calvo J. L., Sánchez Moreno M., Carballosa P. et al. Improvement of the concrete permeability by using hydrophilic blended additive // Materials. — 2019. — Vol. 12. — Iss. 15:2384: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12152384 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  25. Gojević A., Ducman V., Netinger Grubeša I. et al. The effect of crystalline waterproofing admixtures on the self-healing and permeability of concrete // Materials. — 2021. — Vol. 14. — Iss. 8:1860: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081860 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  26. Jahandari S., Tao Z., Alim M. A., Li W. Integral waterproof concrete: A comprehensive review // J. of building engineering. — 2023. — Vol. 78:107718: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107718 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  27. Liu Y., Yu Z., Lv C. et al. Preparation of waste cooking oil emulsion as shrinkage reducing admixture and its potential use in high performance concrete: Effect on shrinkage and mechanical properties // J. of building engineering. — 2020. — Vol. 32:101488. — DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101488
  28. Mohammed A. A., Mohammed I. I., Mohammed S. A. Some properties of concrete with plastic aggregate derived from shredded PVC sheets // Construction and building materials. — 2020. — Vol. 13: e00467: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2020.e00467 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  29. Naik N. M., Kulkarni G. S., Prakash K. B. Effect of solid wastes on the characteristics behaviour of petroleum products soaked concrete: A review // International journal of current engineering and technology. — 2013. — September. — P. 32–36: [сайт] — URL: https://inpressco.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Paper832-36.pdf (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  30. Navaneetha E., Rao P. N., Bahurudeen A. Compatibility of waste glass with other by-products for the production of sustainable concrete // J. of building engineering. — 2023. — Vol. 80:107922: [сайт] — URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107922 (дата обращения: 19.01.2026).
  31. Ogbo H. E., Ugwu O. O. Performance of black olive oil as permeability reducing admixture in concrete // Nigerian Journal of Technology. — 2023. — Vol. 42. — Iss. 1. — P. 46–54. — DOI: 10.4314/njt.v42i1.6
  32. Razzaq A. W. R., Alekhin V. N. Experimental study on abrasion resistance of polished concrete in the water environment // Академический вестник УралНИИпроект РААСН. — 2025. — № 2 (65). — С. 87–94. — DOI: 10.25628/UNIIP.2025.65.2.013
  33. Szafraniec M., Barnat-Hunek D. Effect of natural release oils on concrete wettability // AIP conference proceedings. Central european symposium on thermophysics. 2021 (CEST 2021). — Vol. 2429. — Iss. 1:020037. — DOI: 10.1063/5.0069709
  34. Zhang Y., Wu S., Ma X. et al. Effects of additives on water permeability and chloride diffusivity of concrete under marine tidal environment // Construction and building materials. — 2022. — Vol. 320. — Iss. 2:126217. — DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.126217

PDF

XML